Notícia de 9/11/2017
O Brasil descarta anualmente pelo menos 450 mil toneladas de pneus, o equivalente a cerca de 90 milhões de unidades. Quando o descarte é feito de forma errada (em lixões, depósitos, quintais de casas e outros lugares improvisados, como beiras de rios e matas), os pneus se tornam grave problema ambiental.
Eles demoram, em média, 600 anos para se decomporem na natureza e podem, inclusive, se tornar criadouros do mosquito Aedes Aegypti, transmissor da dengue, da Zika e da Chikungunya. Sem falar que eles são altamente poluentes. Quando queimado, o pneu libera monóxido de carbono e dióxido de enxofre.
No entanto, uma solução simples, mas eficiente, pode mudar completamente essa realidade: transformar a borracha dos pneus em asfalto. O reaproveitamento de pneus inservíveis (ou seja, aqueles que a vida útil chegou ao fim) pode trazer economia e resolver um enorme passivo ambiental.
Conhecido como asfalto borracha, a tecnologia já existe no Estados Unidos, na Europa e em Portugal desde 1960, mas por conta de problemas com patentes só começou a ser visto aqui no Brasil em 2001.
Mas como isso funciona?
A logística reversa, ou seja, o recolhimento de pneus inservíveis e a destinação correta fica a cargo da Reciclanip – entidade que reúne os maiores fabricantes de pneumáticos do Brasil. A prática da logística reversa é obrigatória em razão da Resolução CONAMA Nº 416/2009. Por isso, é importante que os proprietários sempre deixem os pneus velhos em pontos que recebam esse tipo de material, como lojas especializadas.
Os pneus inservíveis são coletados e levados para as empresas de reciclagem. Seleciona-se o material nobre do pneu para produção do asfalto-borracha. Desse material, saem os polímeros. O que sobra é utilizado para alimentar os fornos. Os polímeros são transformados em pó de borracha que é adicionado a mistura com o asfalto comum, para fabricação do asfalto borracha.
Para a produção de cada quilômetro do asfalto ecológico são necessários 600 pneus, com um custo 30% maior. Mas os benefícios são maiores! Melhoria das propriedades do asfalto comum, aumentando a durabilidade do pavimento em até 40%. Além da resistência e diminuição de custos de manutenção, a adição da borracha aumenta a aderência, o que ajuda a evitar derrapagens e reduz o spray causado pelos pneus em dias de chuva, garantindo estradas mais seguras.
Fonte: Autossustentável
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